Dalael-us-Suluk

CHAPTER 23

AL-KARAMAH

T he Prophets occupy the most unique and distinguished position among ALLAH’s creation. They have been raised from time to time for the guidance of mankind. Last of all, came Prophet Muhammad and the religion was perfected. Every Prophet had to face innumerable hardships, many a time the entire society, including the rulers with all their might, rose against them to suppress their cause. They had no material resources, neither armies, nor wealth to face the material might pitched against them. To prove their truthfulness and supremacy, they were blessed with super­natural powers called miracles and history is replete with them. These miracles, together with their teachings, constitute the legacy that passes on to their spiritual descendants who are their true followers. Disobedience is often disinherited. The true follower of a Prophet is called a wali, and the aulia alone inherit the spiritual legacy of their Prophets. The miracle of a Prophet, when inherited by a wali, is called karamah. Just as the miracle is a credential of Prophethood, karamah is a testimonial of wilayah. In fact, the karamah of a wali is a miracle of his Prophet. Imam Razi in his Arba‘in, (p: 376) explains:

We maintain that piety is the most superior virtue because ALLAH declares. The excellent among you is the one most pious. That the karamah of a wali is related to piety proves that it cannot emanate from the delinquent. Indeed karamah and excellence will correspond directly to the degree of piety.

Allama Sh‘arani in his al-Yawaqit wal-Jawahir (vol: II, p: 103) asserts that,

Karamah is displayed by a wali who is a resolute follower of his Prophet and a distinguished personality in his community.

T herefore, it follows that a karamah cannot be displayed by anyone other than a righteous and ardent follower of the Prophet, for he alone is a genuine spiritual descendant. ‘Allama Sh‘arani adds (vol: I, p: 165):

ALLAH blesses his aulia with karamah, it is a type of miracle. A supernatural act is a miracle when performed by a Prophet and a karamah when performed by a wali.

T hough a karamah apparently emanates from a wali, it is in fact the mira­cle of his Prophet.

Karamat-e Aulia Proved from Twatir

T he aulia are not confined to any particular time or place but are present in all times and in every country, that is why all ages have witnessed their karamah. According to Faidh al-Bari (vol: IX. p; 198):

The reports of a karamah are so continuous that they cannot be legitimately denied, only the wretched considers them impossible and indulges in falsification.

I mam Zahbi, in spite of being deeply committed to the opposition of sufis, dwelt on the subject in the following words in his Kitab al-‘Alud al-‘Arsh (p: 56):

Take note that ALLAH, the Most Truthful, has informed us that Queen Bilqis owned a mighty throne. It was lifted by a subject of Prophet Sulaiman and brought to him in the twinkle of an eye. Hence only an ignoramus will deny the karamah of the aulia. There can be no bigger karamah than bringing a huge throne from a distant land, in the twinkle of an eye. It is beyond the domain of intellect, we believe in, and testify to the karamah of the aulia.

H e goes on (p: 193).

I heard Hafiz ‘Abul Hassan quoting Shaikh ‘lzz ud-Din bin ‘Abdus-Salam, “No wali has shown as many karamah as Shaikh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani which have reached me through Twatir."

T his discourse of Imam Zahbi highlights two points:

W rites Ibn-e Hajr about Shaikh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani (Fatawa al-Hadithiah p: 174):

ALLAH ’s bounties showered on Shaikh Abdul Qadir are manifested through his gnosis and karamah, which have reached us through Twatir.

A nd Imam Yafai in his Kifayat al-M‘utaqid p: 295:

Some of the ‘Ulama have said that the karamah of Shaikh Jilani have reached the limits of Twatir. I reiterate that his karamah are categorically proved because the narrators are numerous and all conditions of Twatir are met.

I mam Zahbi, Ibn-e Hajr and Imam Yafa‘i agree that the karamah of Shaikh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani reach Twatir and it is obvious even to a novice that Twatir cannot be rejected.

Allama Sh‘arani in his Asni al-Matalib 111 Ahadith al-Mukhtalifah al-Maratib (p: 261) lists a maxim of Hadhrat ‘Ali, the final word on the sub­ject: “Only an ass can deny karamah of the wali.”

T he non-conformists are in the forefront in rejecting karamah. Besides, history records only two names of Ibn-e Hazm and Abu Is-haq Isfraeni who deny the ability of a wali to show karamah. If conceded, they argue that the reported karamah would amount to equation with the miracle which is an exclusive attribute of Prophets. This issue has been dwelt upon by Ibn-e Khaldun in his Muqaddimah (p: 451).

Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri asserts in his Faidh al-Bari (vol: II, p: 61) that Ibn-e Hazm did not reject karamah. This is corroborated by Imam Ibn-e Taimiyah in his Kitab an-Nabuwwah in these words:

In spite of his rejecting karamah, Ibn-e Hazm believes in the ac­ceptance of a supplication. I say that when this acceptance is con­ceded as a supernatural act, where lies the dispute? This by itself is a karamah, hence its denial is meaningless.

T his implies accepting karamah in essence and denying its nomencla­ture. A karamah can be the result of a supplication. In fact, a supplication more often than not, is a karamah, which is manifested on a specific re­quest of a wali. The deputy of Prophet Sulaiman supplicated and the great throne instantly appeared in the court.

T he denial of Abu ls-haq Isfraeni has been refuted by Ibn-e Khaldun in the following words:

If conceded, it is an intellectual delusion that a karamah would equate with the miracle of a Prophet. Intellectual manipulations do not falsify truth, and are insignificant in the face of observations and facts. Karamah have been displayed by thousands of aulia, sufis, pious men of old and the Companions whose observations cannot be disproved. Any such attempt will not be due to intellec­tual suppositions, but out ofsheer animosity, obduracy and obsti­nacy.

Let us now examine the difference between amiracle, a karamah, magic and soothsaying.

The Operative Difference. A Prophet is pious of soul, attributes and morals. He is virtuous and a benefactor of mankind; he calls people to ALLAH and guides them to righteousness; he is truthful and an in­structor inpiety; he strives for success in the life Hereafter and shuns things secular; he is ingenuous and just by nature. The soothsayer and the magician, on the other hand, are evil of soul and attributes. They harm mankind; they are evil doers, wicked, liars and mammon wor­shippers. Declares ALLAH:

Shall I inform you upon whom the devils descend? They descend
on every sinful, false one.
(26:221-222)

The news emanating from devils will obviously be false. Only a delin­quent shall receive inspiration from the devil.

I n brief, the above explains the difference between a miracle, magic and soothsaying.

The Difference Between a Karamah and a Miracle

I n fact, the karamah of a wali is the miracle of the Prophet whom he follows,as discussed earlier with reference to al-Yawaqit wal-Jawahir. Since the manifestation of a karamah by a wali depends upon total adher­ence to his Prophet, it would be considered as an offshoot of the miracle. In fact karamah applies only to those supernatural acts which are per­formed by a true follower of Shari‘ah.A miracle does not take place at the discretion of a Prophet, the same is the case with a karamah. Both origi­nate from the Almighty, Who for the demonstration ofHis Infinite Pow­ers, selects the Prophets and the aulia.

T here are two types of karamah: The first and only real one, which im­presses the wise and the intellectual, is intrinsic or spiritual.

T he greatest karamah of the aulia is total adherence to Shari‘ah, perseverance and abstinence from whatever is forbidden by Shari‘ah.

W hen this type of karamah influencesthe environment, people hitherto estranged with their Creator are attracted to His remembrance and His worship and the flames of faith light up in their bosoms. They are re­minded of their duty towards ALLAH and His creation, vices disappear and interest invirtue is stimulated. A study of the history of the aulia re­veals that single-handedly and under adverse circumstances, they suc­ceeded in reforming thousands ofdeluded people including the ruling elite.

T he second type is sensory ortemporal, which impresses the masses. Because of their unenlightened state they cannot understand the spiritual or real karamah, their discernment is confined to things material and sen­sory. A person spent ten years inthe service of Hadhrat Junaid Baghdadibut was disappointed and decided toleave. The Shaikh asked him the rea­son. He said, “You are reputed to be a great wali, but I have not witnessed a single karamah at your hands.” TheShaikh asked him if he had seen any act of Junaid opposed to Sunnah. He replied in the negative whereupon the Shaikh remarked, “This fact by itself really constitutes the greatest karamah.”

S ome immature minds argue that when karamah is not at the discretion of a wali and Kashf-e Qubur is a kind of karamah, no wali can claim to be master of this science. Undoubtedly ALLAH is the Absolute Sovereign of all creation. Take the example of ahuman being; to create him, to fashion his physical body, to bless him with eyes and eye sight, all is within His power. With his eyes, he sees, unless there is something inbetween to ob­struct visibility. With eyes and eyesight intact, he is capable of seeing things around him. Similarly,when the heart is blessed with insight,it starts observing subtle things like Angels, Jinn, the Recompense of the dead in their graves, Paradise and Hell in outline. Just as physical eyes are capable of seeing material objects, unless there is an obstruction, similarly internal eyes are able to observe subtle things unless ALLAH wills oth­erwise.

U nder the guidance of an accomplished Shaikh, frequency of zikr gen­erates insight, bringing in its trail blessings like kashf, ilham and intuition. Human intellect is unable to comprehend them hence they are rejected by the masses. As Ibn-e Khaldun remarks:

The question of kashf and knowledge of the unseen is like the al­legories of the Qur-an whose real meaning is not manifest except to the sufis. Those not inspired with the intuition of sufis cannot understand them. The lexicon has no suitable words to express the kashfi observations and the intuition of the sufis. The lexicogra­pher confines himself to defining words connected with sensory perceptions. Fortunate indeed is the man, who having himself ac­quired attributes of sufis, interprets their utterances in the light of the Shari‘ah. The safest course, however, is to refrain from dis­cussing their affairs which are beyond the comprehension of the learned exoterics.

M ullah ‘Ali Qari has rightly asserted that a person not possessing an ex­cellence simply denies its existence.

L et us now discuss the karamah of some of the aulia. We have inten­tionally refrained, until now, from narrating the karamah of the Compan­ions because wilayah pales into insignificance when compared with the status of Companionship:

Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin Abi Almajad Ibrahim, popularly known as al-Murshadi, settled in a village named Murshadi in Yemen after acquiring knowledge of both Shari‘ah and Tariqah. This village was lo­cated on a route followed by pilgrims and other caravan.

A ll these arrangements demand a highly efficient catering organisation and a large treasure; as stated earlier, he had neither. As for the possibility of presents and gifts, it is stated that he never accepted anything from any­one, and that he would personally do the service. None entered the afore­said room. He would go in for a short while and come out with food of his guests’ liking. There were no other material resources. When Imam Ibn-e Taimiyah, a contemporary, heard of the saint he remarked that all that might have been the work of Jinn. He seems to have ignored ALLAH’s declaration quoted above ...and will provide for him from (a quarter) where he has no expectation.

- the descent of food from the heaven for Prophet lsa and

- the out-of-season fruits provided to Mary (May ALLAH be pleased with her).

 

Muhammad bin Hamzah - Real name Shams ud-Din.Besides being a spiritual reformer, he was an expert physician. He wrote a number of books on indigenous systems of medical science, in which his research is noless than a karamah. According to Jam‘a-e Karamat-e Aulia ALLAH vol: I, p: 274:

Umarbin Mubarik - A pious and devout wali and a melodious ora­tor. In Kifayat al-M‘utaqid (p: 414) this incident is recorded about him:

Muhammad bin Yusuf Bolaqqi - A woman came to him and said, “My child has been snatched away by some Abayssinians. They have taken him on board yonder and are sailing away.” He shouted to the crew to restore the child to his mother, but in vain. He then ordered the ship to stop, the ship complied. He walked over the water up to the ship, recov­ered the child, returned to the shore and handed it over to the mother.

Abul Ghiath bin Jamil - He took his Shaikh’s donkey to a forest and collected firewood, meanwhile a lion killed the donkey. The saint got hold of the lion by the ear, put the firewood on his back and drove him to the town. He unloaded the firewood and bade the lion to return to the forest without harming anyone en route.

Amir bin ‘Abdullah - A caravan was moving through a jungle when a tiger appeared and blocked the route. The saint passed by and asked the travellers why they had halted, they pointed towards the tiger. He walked over, placed his hand on the tiger’s mouth till the caravan passed away safely.

Shaiban Rahi - Sufyan Thuri once accompanied him on a pilgrimage to Makkah, on the way they encountered a tiger. Thuri felt afraid, where­upon Shaiban said, “Never mind, it is just another dog.” When the tiger heard this, he lowered his head and wagged his tail. Shaiban caught him by the ear but Sufyan advised himto avoid celebrity. He replied, “Had I not hated celebrity, I would have put my baggage on his back and taken him to Makkah.”

Shaikh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani - According to Fatawa al-Hadithiah (p: 174), Faidh al-Bari (vol: II, p: 16) and Kalid al-Jawahir:

Faidh al-Bari (vol: II, p: 16) and Khazinat al-Israr (p: 25)

Zunnun Misri - The great traditionalist Abu Na‘eem writes in his Hilya al-Aulia, vol: IX, p: 366:

T his incident brought him the title of Zunnun (literally owner of the fish).

Ghauth Yusuf Hamdani Baghdadi - The following incident, listed in his history by Ibn-e Khaldun and also contained in Kitab al-Mashru‘a ad-Dawi, is thus recorded in Karamat-e Aulia ALLAH vol: II, p: 529:

A l-Mashru‘a ad-Dawi claims that this incident has not been related by one person butcontinuously by many over the generations. It cannot there­fore, be denied.

Ibrahim Dasoti , a Qutb - A woman came wailing to him and com­plained that her child was swallowed by a crocodile. The saint went to the river and called, “O! The swallower of the child, come out.” A crocodile promptly surfaced and came over to the Shaikh. He ordered him to spew the child which was complied with, the child was still alive.

A major karamah of the aulia is to speak to the dead or converse with the spirits. Records Jam‘a-e Karamat-e Aulia ALLAH (vol: 11. p: 409):

By far the biggest karamah is spiritual presence in the court of the Prophet. This is a high station in the Path and a token of ALLAH ’s blessing.

All the elite aulia have been so blessed, by His grace, anumber of friends in our Order are similarly favoured.Besides, there are hundreds who can converse with the spirits.

Notes

By the Grace of ALLAH, the devotees who now attend the audience of the Prophet number in thousands and the number is continuously increasing. ALLAH be praised!